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HFC refrigerants are being used more and more these days. They do not destroy the ozone layer and offer the same non-combustibility, stability and low toxicity as formerly used CFCs and HCFCs. Moreover, HFC refrigerants are energy-saving. Alternative refrigerants (1) HFC-134a: Alternative refrigerant to CFC-12 HFC-134a was introduced early on as a refrigerant for car air-conditioning and refrigerators because it has refrigerant characteristics and a stability very similar to CFC-12. It is being used not only as an alternative to CFCs but also HCFCs, as well as a foaming agent for polyethylene and other substances. It is also being used in aerosol sprays because of its non-combustibility. . Features - Most similar to CFC-12 in terms of characteristics - High thermal stability, non-corrosive and low toxicity - More soluble in water than CFC-12 - Poorly compatible with mineral oils like naphthene used with CFC-12 (Good compatibility with polyalkylene glycol and ester oils) <Theoretical refrigerant cycle characteristics> Vapor pressure (kPa) Condensation pressure (kPa) Discharge temperature () COP Refrigerating capacity (kJ/m3) HFC-134a 165 770 39 4.9 1300 CFC-12 182 744 38 4.9 1340 Vapor temperature/Condensation temperature: -15Ž/30Superheat temperature/Supercool temperature:0/5 (2) R-407C and R-410A: Alternative refrigerants to HCFC-22 The ban on HCFC-22 use began with the Copenhagen Conference. Since there was no single alternative refrigerant, attempts have been made to replace it with mixed refrigerants of 2 or 3 components. R-407C and R-410A have been tested in detail by both AREP and JAREP *, and use has already begun in air-conditioning systems and room air conditioning. *AREP  FAlternative Refrigerant Evaluation Program of the America Air Conditioning Refrigerant Association  JAREPFAlternative Refrigerant Evaluation Program of the Japan Air Conditioning Refrigerant Association . 1, Features of R-407C - 3-component non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant (HFC-32, 125 and 134a) - Theoretical COP of 97% compared to HCFC-22 (System COP test sample of optimized system = 99%) - Almost same pressure as HCFC-22 - Constituent boiling point must be considered when refilling - Almost same solubility in water as HCFC-22 - Poorly compatible with mineral oils like naphthene used with HCFC-22 (Good compatibility with ester and ether oils) - Major uses: Air-conditioning systems, room air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment 2, Features of R-410A - 2-component near azeotropic mixed refrigerant (HFC-32 125) - Theoretical COP of 89% compared to HCFC-22 (System COP test sample of optimized system = 101%) - Pressure is approx. 1.6 times higher than HCFC-22, thus major design changes are required. - High pressure refrigerant ensures high cooling/heating capacity - Constituents have similar boiling points, but refilling is needed. - Slightly more soluble in water than HCFC-22 - Poorly compatible with mineral oils like naphthene used with HCFC-22 (Good compatibility with ester and ether oils) - Major uses: Air-conditioning systems, room air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment <Theoretical refrigerant cycle characteristics> Vapor pre- ssure (kPa) Con- densation pressure (kPa) Temper- ature glideŚ () Dis- charge temper- ature () Cooling Heating COP Refrigr- eating capacity (kJ/m3) COP Refriger- eating capacity (kJ/m3) R-407C 499 2112 4.3 67.4 4.03 3014 5.03 3762 R-410A 804 3061 0.07 72.5 3.69 4190 4.69 5326 HCFC-22 498 1943 0 70.3 4.14 3010 5.14 3737 *Temperature differential between dew point and boil point at condensation pressure Vapor temperature/Condensation temperature:0/50Ž Superheat temperature/Supercool temperature: 0Ž/0Ž <Performance in actual use> Unit specification R-407C R-410A Cooling Heating Cooling Heating Drop-in 90 89 94 93 Optimized* 99 98 101 101 *Refrigerant charge, expansion valve aperture, inverter control, heat exchange convection, etc. (3) R-404A: Alternative refrigerant to R-502 R-502 is a mixture of HCFC-22 and CFC-115. These two constituents have similar boiling points. Compared to HCFC-22, R-502 has a slightly higher discharge temperature. It is thus widely used in commercial low temperature equipment. R-404A has the same if not lower discharge temperature than R-502. For this reason, it was tested in detail by AREP/JAREP and is already used in refrigeration trucks and conditioning units. . Features of R-404A - 3-component near azeotropic mixed refrigerant (HFC-125, 143a and 134a) - Theoretical COP of 89% compared to R-502 - Can replace R-502 without major design changes. - Constituent have similar boiling points, but refilling is needed - Slightly more soluble in water than R-502 - Poorly compatible with mineral oils like naphthene used with R-502 (Good compatibility with ester and ether oils) - Major uses: Mid-to-low temperature refrigerating systems (i.e.: showcases, cold storage warehouses, refrigeration trucks, etc.) <Theoretical refrigerant cycle characteristics>    Vapor pressure (kPa) Conden-sation pressure (kPa) Temper-ature glide ()* Discharge temper-ature () COP Refrige-rating capacity (kJ/m3) R-404A 204 2044 0.3 83 2.01 1009 HCFC-22 164 1730 0 120 2.33 1053 R-502 197 1870 0 89 2.25 1.86 *Temperature differential between dew point and boil point at condensation pressure      Vapor temperature/Condensation temperature: -30/45 Superheat temperature/Supercool temperature: 30/0 Inquiry about [ Features of HFC refrigerants]

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